Theory of Machine
The tractive force is maximum or minimum when the angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke (θ) is equal to

270° and 360°
0° and 90°
90° and 180°
135° and 315°

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Theory of Machine
The frictional torque transmitted in a flat collar bearing, considering uniform pressure, is (where r₁ and r₂ = External and internal radii of collar respectively)

(1/2). μ W [(r₁³ - r₂³)/(r₁² - r₂²)]
(1/2). μ W (r₁ + r₂)
(2/3). μ W (r₁ + r₂)
(2/3). μ W [(r₁³ - r₂³)/(r₁² - r₂²)]

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