Theory of Machine
The tractive force is maximum or minimum when the angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke (θ) is equal to

0° and 90°
270° and 360°
135° and 315°
90° and 180°

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Theory of Machine
In a mechanism, the fixed instantaneous centers are those centers which

Remain in the same place for all configurations of the mechanism
Moves as the mechanism moves, but joints are of permanent nature
Vary with the configuration of the mechanism
None of the listed here

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