Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Reducing the resistance of fluid flow
Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve
Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes
Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the logarithmic mean temperature difference

Is always more than arithmetic mean value and the geometric mean value
May be either more or less than geometric mean and arithmetic mean value depending upon whether the flow of stream is co-current or counter-current
Is always less than arithmetic average value
Is always less than arithmetic mean value, but more than geometric mean value

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