Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes
Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve
Reducing the resistance of fluid flow
Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has fouling tendency, it should

Flow outside the tube, when the flow is counter-current and inside the tube when the flow is co-current
Preferably flow inside the tube for its easier internal cleaning
Perferably flow outside the tube
Flow at a very slow velocity

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