Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts
Reducing the resistance of fluid flow
Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve
Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design

Only if the opening is on spherical vessel
Only if the opening is on a vertical cylinderical vessel
Irrespective of the shape of the vessel
Only if the opening is on a horizontal cylinderical vessel

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