Theory of Machine
The relation l = (2/3).(j + 2) apply only to kinematic chains in which lower pairs are used. This may be used to kinematic chains in which higher pairs are used, but each higher pair may be taken as equivalent to

Two lower pairs and one additional link
Two lower pairs and two additional links
Any one of these
One lower pair and two additional links

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, one method of obtaining the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve is by increasing the angle of advance of the eccentric while the throw of the eccentric, steam lap and exhaust lap are kept constant. This method will

Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
All of these

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP