Theory of Machine
Open pairs are those which have

Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion
Two elements that permit relative motion
Surface contact between the two elements when in motion

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Theory of Machine
The secondary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)

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Theory of Machine
The steering of a ship means

None of these
Rolling of a complete ship sideways
Movement of a complete ship up and down in vertical plane about transverse axis
Turning of a complete ship in a curve towards right or left, while it moves forward

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