Process Equipment and Plant Design
With increase in the reflux ratio for a fixed production from a continuous binary distillation column, the __________ decreases.

Running cost of steam for reboiler
Vapour & liquid load both
Running cost of cooling water for condenser
Fixed charges initially

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Hydrostatic head is required for refluxing the condensate
Only the function of condensation is to be carried out
Both the functions of condensation & sub cooling are carried out in a single unit
Sub cooling of condensate is desired

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A head comprises of straight flange section, corner torus, section and central dished section. Crown radius and knuckle radius in a head is related respectively to the

Central dished section and straight flange section
Straight flange section and corner torus section
Central dished section and corner torus section
Corner torus section and central dished section

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