Process Equipment and Plant Design
With increase in the reflux ratio for a fixed production from a continuous binary distillation column, the __________ decreases.

Fixed charges initially
Running cost of steam for reboiler
Running cost of cooling water for condenser
Vapour & liquid load both

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement about the design of a sieve plate column.

Minimum recommended downcomer residence time for the disengagement of entrained vapour is the same for both foaming and non-foaming liquids, which is about 20 seconds
For segmental downcomers, the chord length is 60-80% of the column diameter. An initial value of downcomer area of 12% is taken in the design
An increased weir height improves the tray efficiency at the cost of high plate pressure drop; optimum wear height being 40-90 mm for column pressure above atmospheric and 6-12 mm for vacuum columns
Width of the calming section provided at the inlet and outlet sides of the plate is 75 mm for column diameter below 1.5 metres and 100 mm for larger diameter columns

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger for a given heat transfer surface area, smaller diameter tubes are favoured as compared to larger diameter ones ; because the smaller diameter tubes

Can be fitted into a smaller shell diameter hence the cost of the heat exchanger would be less
None of these
Are easier to clean
Are less prone to fouling

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