Process Equipment and Plant Design
With increase in the reflux ratio for a fixed production from a continuous binary distillation column, the __________ decreases.

Running cost of cooling water for condenser
Running cost of steam for reboiler
Fixed charges initially
Vapour & liquid load both

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, triangular pitch arrangement as compared to square pitch arrangement

Creates relatively lower turbulence on the shell side resulting in lower shell side heat transfer co-efficient
Results in higher shell side pressure drop
Can accomodate less number of tubes for a given shell diameter
Facilitates easier shell side cleaning; hence is more suitable for handling high dirt factor shell side fluid

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