Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the overall heat transfer co-efficient is proportional to the tube side (volumetric flow rate)0.8. This is valid, only when the ratio of the tube side film resistance to the total resistance is almost equal to

2
20.8
1

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The function of manholes provided in the shell of a distillation column is to

Keep a check on the liquid gradient over the plate by direct visual observation
All of these
Give access to the individual trays for cleaning, maintenance and installation
Guard against foaming & entrainment by dumping antifoaming agent through it

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