Process Equipment and Plant Design
In seive plate column, holes are drilled or punched in sizes ranging from 2.5 to 12 mm (5 mm being widely used). The hole pitch is normally __________ times the hole diameter to give the required hole area.

2.5 to 4.0
0.5 to 1.5
5 to 10
10 to 15

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Overall distillation column efficiency for most of the refinery columns can be given by (for μ = 0.07 - 1.4 cp and relative volatility < 4) (where η = overall column efficiency, % μ = molal average viscosity of feed at average column temperature and pressure, cp Δp = pressure drop per tray, psi)

Η = 17 - 61.1 log μ
Η = 1.66 - 0.25 log μ
Η = 24.6 (Δp/μ)
Η = 0.25 log μ - 1.67

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