Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell
Remains same throughout
Increases upwards
Decreases upwards

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Bubble cap tray is the most commonly used tray in large distillation column, because

It eliminates the foaming and entrain-ment tendency during operation
None of these
It incurs less pressure drop as compared to any other try designed for the same duty
Of its flexibility and nearly constant efficiency under varying conditions of operation

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