Machine Design
When a shaft is subjected to combined twisting moment (T) and bending moment (M), then the equivalent twisting moment is equal to

(1/2) × √(M² + T²)
√(M² + T²)
(1/2) × [M + √(M² + T²)]
M + √(M² + T²)

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Machine Design
In composite or reverse laid ropes

Direction of twist of wires in strands is opposite to the direction of twist of strands
Wires are not twisted
Wires in two adjacent strands are twisted in opposite direction
Direction of twist of wires and strands are same

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