Machine Design
The shock absorbing capacity of a bolt may be increased by

Increasing its shank diameter
Making the shank diameter equal to core diameter of thread
Tightening the bolt properly
Decreasing its shank diameter

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Machine Design
Jam nut is a locking device in which

Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter spitted and bent in reverse direction at other end
A slot is cut partly in middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening a screw
A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip
One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming

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Machine Design
Pitch point of a cam is

A point on the pitch curve having maximum pressure angle
Any point on the pitch curve
A point on the pitch curve having minimum pressure angle
Any point on the pitch circle

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