Machine Design
Jam nut is a locking device in which

A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip
One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming
Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter spitted and bent in reverse direction at other end
A slot is cut partly in middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening a screw

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Machine Design
The ends of the leaves of a semi-elliptical leaf spring are made triangular in order to

Obtain variable moment of inertia (I) in each leaf
Permit each leaf to act as an overhanging beam
Make M/I constant throughout the length of the leaf
Have variable bending moment (M) in each leaf

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