Machine Design
The effective stress in wire ropes during normal working is equal to the stress due to

Acceleration/retardation of masses plus stress due to bending
Axial load plus stress due to bending
Bending plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Axial load plus stress due to acceleration/retardation

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Machine Design
Crowning on pulley helps

In increasing the slip of the belt
In decreasing the slip of the belt
To increase pulley life
To keep the belt in centre on a pulley while it is in motion

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