Theory of Machine
Two pulleys of radii r₁ and r₂ and at distance x apart are connected by means of an open belt drive. The length of the belt is

π (r₁ + r₂) + (r₁ - r₂)²/x + 2x
π (r₁ - r₂) + (r₁ + r₂)²/x + 2x
π (r₁ + r₂) + (r₁ + r₂)²/x + 2x
π (r₁ - r₂) + (r₁ - r₂)²/x + 2x

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Theory of Machine
In a four bar chain or quadric cycle chain

Each of the four pairs is a turning pair
Two are turning pairs and two are sliding pairs
One is a turning pair and three are sliding pairs
Three are turning pairs and one is a sliding pair

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