Theory of Machine
Two pulleys of radii r₁ and r₂ and at distance x apart are connected by means of an open belt drive. The length of the belt is

π (r₁ - r₂) + (r₁ - r₂)²/x + 2x
π (r₁ + r₂) + (r₁ + r₂)²/x + 2x
π (r₁ - r₂) + (r₁ + r₂)²/x + 2x
π (r₁ + r₂) + (r₁ - r₂)²/x + 2x

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Theory of Machine
The contact ratio is given by

(Length of path of recess)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of the arc of contact)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of the arc of approach)/cosφ
(Length of the path of approach)/(Circular pitch)

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