Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve may be obtained by increasing the steam lap and the angle of advance of the eccentric but keeping constant the travel and lead of the valve, this method will

Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
All of the listed here
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam

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Theory of Machine
The inversion of a mechanism is

Turning its upside down
Changing of a higher pair to a lower pair
Obtained by fixing different links in a kinematic chain
Obtained by reversing the input and output motion

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