Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The total head of a liquid particle in motion is equal to

Potential head - (pressure head + kinetic head)
Pressure head + kinetic head + potential head
Kinetic head - (pressure head + potential head)
Pressure head - (kinetic head + potential head)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Surface tension

Is a function of the curvature of the interface
Is also known as capillarity
Acts in the plane of the interface normal to any line in the surface
Decreases with fall in temperature

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hydraulic efficiency of a reaction turbine, is the ratio of

Actual work available at the turbine to energy imparted to the wheel
Power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine
None of these
Work-done on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the turbine

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