Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A hemispherical tank of radius (R) has an orifice of cross-sectional area (a) at its bottom and is full of liquid. The time required to empty the tank completely is

14π R7/2/15Cd × a √(2g)
14π R5/2/15Cd × a √(2g)
14π R3/2/15Cd × a √(2g)
14π R1/2/15Cd × a √(2g)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mach number is significant in

supersonics, as with projectiles and jet propulsion
full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc
simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of dis-continuity, gravity force, and wave making effects, as with ship’s hulls
all of fhe above

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