Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hammer blow in pipes occurs when

The flow of fluid through the pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing of the valve
The pipe bursts under high pressure of fluid
The flow of fluid through the pipe is gradually brought to rest by closing of the valve
There is excessive leakage in the pipe

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an inward flow reaction turbine

The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial
The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel
The water enters at the center of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel
The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the center of the wheel

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