Theory of Machine
In the below figure, PC is the connecting rod and OC is the crank making an angle θ with the line of stroke PO and rotates with uniform angular velocity at ω rad/s. The Klien's acceleration diagram for determining the acceleration of the piston P is shown by quadrilateral CQNO, if N coincides with O, then

Acceleration and velocity of the piston P is zero
Acceleration of the piston P is zero and its velocity is maximum
Acceleration of the piston P is maximum and its velocity is zero
Acceleration and velocity of the piston P is maximum

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Theory of Machine
Hammer blow

Is the maximum vertical unbalanced force caused by the mass added to balance the reciprocating masses
Varies inversely with the square of the speed
Is the maximum horizontal unbalanced force caused by the mass provided to balance the reciprocating masses.
Varies as the square root of the speed

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