Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
Supercharging is the process of

Injecting excess fuel for raising more loads
Providing forced cooling air
Supplying compressed air to remove combustion products fully
Supplying the intake of an engine with air at a density greater than the density of the surrounding atmosphere

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