Internal Combustion Engines
The injector nozzle of a compression ignition engine is required to inject fuel at a sufficiently high pressure in order to

Inject fuel in a chamber of high pressure at the end of compression stroke
Inject fuel at a high velocity to facilitate atomization
Ensure that penetration is not high
All of these

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Internal Combustion Engines
The expansion of fuel in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

May start and end anywhere
Starts at 15° before top dead center and ends at 30° after top dead center
Starts at 15° after top dead center and ends at 30° before bottom dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at 30° after top dead center

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