Machine Design
The ends of the leaves of a semi-elliptical leaf spring are made triangular in order to

Have variable bending moment (M) in each leaf
Make M/I constant throughout the length of the leaf
Obtain variable moment of inertia (I) in each leaf
Permit each leaf to act as an overhanging beam

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Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process
It has a lower curvature than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side

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Machine Design
A bolt of uniform strength can be developed by

Keeping the core diameter of threads equal to the diameter of unthreaded portion of the bolt
Keeping the nominal diameter of threads equal to the diameter of unthreaded portion of the bolt
Keeping the core diameter smaller than the diameter of the unthreaded portion
None of these

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