Machine Design
For longitudinal joint in boilers, the type of joint used is

Lap joint with one ring overlapping the other
Any one of the above
Butt joint with double cover plate
Butt joint with single cover plate

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Machine Design
Split nut is a locking device in which

A slot is cut partly in middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening screw
Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter pin splitted and bent in reverse direction at the other end
A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip
One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming

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