Machine Design
For longitudinal joint in boilers, the type of joint used is

Butt joint with double cover plate
Lap joint with one ring overlapping the other
Butt joint with single cover plate
Any one of the above

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Machine Design
The contact ratio is the ratio of

Length of arc of approach to the circular pitch
Length of arc of recess to the circular pitch
Length of arc of contact to the circular pitch
Length of path of contact to the circular pitch

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