Machine Design
The stiffness of a closely coiled helical spring subjected to an axial load W is equal to (where G = Modulus of rigidity, and n = Number of active coils)

Gd⁴/ 8D3n
Gd⁴/ 4D3n
Gd3/ 8D3n
Gd⁴/ 8D²n

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Machine Design
A compound belt drive is used when

None of these
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the same directions
Shafts are arranged at right angles and rotate in one definite direction
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the opposite directions

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