Internal Combustion Engines
The exhaust valve in a four stroke cycle petrol engine

Opens at 50° after bottom dead center and closes at 15° before top dead center
Opens at 50° before bottom dead center and closes at 15° after top dead center
May open and close anywhere
Opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
Detonation is harmful due to

Increase in the rate of heat transfer, there is a reduction in the power output and efficiency of the engine
None of these
High intensity of knock causes crankshaft vibration and the engine runs rough
Excessive turbulence which removes most of the insulating gas boundary layer from the cylinder walls

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Internal Combustion Engines
The delay period in compression ignition engines depends upon

Temperature and pressure in the cylinder at the time of injection
All of these
Nature of the fuel mixture strength
Relative velocity between the fuel injection and air turbulence pressure of residual gases

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