Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the exhaust valve

Opens at 30° before bottom dead centre and closes at 10° after top dead centre
Opens at 30° after bottom dead centre and closes at 10° before top dead centre
Opens at bottom dead centre and closes at top dead centre
May open and close anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center

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