Internal Combustion Engines
If V₁ is the jet velocity and V₀ is the vehicle velocity, then the propulsive efficiency of a rocket is given by

(V₀/V₁)/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
[2(V₀/V₁)]/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
V₁/(V₀ + V₁)
V₀/(V₀ + V₁)

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Internal Combustion Engines
Fuel consumption of diesel engines is not guaranteed at one quarter load because at such low loads

The engine is rarely operated
The small difference in cooling water temperature or in internal friction has a disproportionate effect
The friction is unpredictable
The friction is high

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the expansion

Starts at 30° before top dead center and ends at 50° before bottom dead center
Starts at 30° after top dead center and ends at 50° after bottom dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at bottom dead center
May start and end anywhere

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