Internal Combustion Engines
The reference fuels for knock rating of spark ignition engines would include

Iso-octane and normal hexane
Normal heptane and iso-octane
Iso-octane and alpha-methyl naphthalene
Normal octane and aniline

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Internal Combustion Engines
Pour point of fuel oil is the

Temperature at which it solidifies or congeals
Minimum temperature to which oil is heated in order to give off inflammable vapours in sufficient quantity to ignite momentarily when brought in contact with a flame
It catches fire without external aid
Indicated by 90% distillation temperature i.e., when 90% of sample oil has distilled off

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Internal Combustion Engines
The correct sequence of the decreasing order of brake thermal efficiency of the three given basic types of engines is

Four stroke S.I. engine, four stroke C.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine
Four stroke C.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine
Two stroke S.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine, four stroke C.I. engine
Four stroke C.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the inlet valve

Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 40° after bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 20° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center

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