Internal Combustion Engines
If V₁ is the jet velocity and V₀ is the vehicle velocity, then the propulsive efficiency of a rocket is given by

V₀/(V₀ + V₁)
[2(V₀/V₁)]/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
V₁/(V₀ + V₁)
(V₀/V₁)/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the compression

Starts at 40° after bottom dead center and ends at 10° before top dead center
Starts at 40° before top dead center and ends at 40° after top dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at 40° before bottom dead center
May start and end anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
Which one of the following event would reduce volumetric efficiency of a vertical compression ignition engine?

Inlet valve closing before bottom dead center
Exhaust valve closing after top dead center
Inlet valve closing after bottom dead center
Inlet valve opening before top dead center

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