Internal Combustion Engines
Fuel consumption of diesel engines is not guaranteed at one quarter load because at such low loads

The small difference in cooling water temperature or in internal friction has a disproportionate effect
The friction is high
The friction is unpredictable
The engine is rarely operated

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the inlet valve

Opens at 20° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 40° after bottom dead center

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