Internal Combustion Engines
Fuel consumption of diesel engines is not guaranteed at one quarter load because at such low loads

The friction is unpredictable
The friction is high
The small difference in cooling water temperature or in internal friction has a disproportionate effect
The engine is rarely operated

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Internal Combustion Engines
As compared to air standard cycle, in actual working, the effect of variation in specific heats is to

Reduce maximum pressure and maximum temperature
Increase maximum pressure and decrease maximum temperature
Decrease maximum pressure and increase maximum temperature
Increase maximum pressure and maximum temperature

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