Internal Combustion Engines
If V₁ is the jet velocity and V₀ is the vehicle velocity, then the propulsive efficiency of a rocket is given by

(V₀/V₁)/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
[2(V₀/V₁)]/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
V₁/(V₀ + V₁)
V₀/(V₀ + V₁)

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Internal Combustion Engines
Scavenging air in diesel engine means

Forced air for cooling cylinder
Air used for combustion sent under pressure
Burnt air containing products of combustion
Air used for forcing burnt gases out of engine's cylinder during the exhaust period

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