Internal Combustion Engines
If V₁ is the jet velocity and V₀ is the vehicle velocity, then the propulsive efficiency of a rocket is given by

V₀/(V₀ + V₁)
[2(V₀/V₁)]/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
(V₀/V₁)/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
V₁/(V₀ + V₁)

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the compression

May start and end anywhere
Starts at 40° after bottom dead center and ends at 10° before top dead center
Starts at 40° before top dead center and ends at 40° after top dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at 40° before bottom dead center

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