Internal Combustion Engines
As compared to air standard cycle, in actual working, the effect of variation in specific heats is to

Increase maximum pressure and maximum temperature
Increase maximum pressure and decrease maximum temperature
Reduce maximum pressure and maximum temperature
Decrease maximum pressure and increase maximum temperature

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engine the inlet valve

Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere
Opens at 10° after top dead center and closes 20° before the bottom dead center
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 35° after the bottom dead center

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