Machine Design
The resultant axial load on a bolt depends upon

Relative elastic yielding of the bolt and the connected members
Initial tension due to tightening of the bolt
External load applied
All of these

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Machine Design
An open belt drive is used when

Driven shaft is to be started or stopped whenever desired without interfering with the driving shaft
Shafts are arranged at right angles and rotate in one definite direction
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the opposite directions
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the same directions

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