Machine Design
The resultant axial load on a bolt depends upon

Relative elastic yielding of the bolt and the connected members
All of these
External load applied
Initial tension due to tightening of the bolt

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Machine Design
A tap bolt

Has both the ends threaded
Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined
Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other
Has pointed threads

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