Process Equipment and Plant Design
Seamless pipe is made

By extrusion & casting into static and centrifugal molds
Both B and C
From rolled strips formed into cylinders and seam-welded
By forging a solid round, piercing it by simultaneously rotating & forcing it over a piercer point and further reducing it by rolling gas drawing

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

Remains same throughout
Decreases upwards
May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell
Increases upwards

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