Process Equipment and Plant Design
Smoker's equation for the calculation of number of equilibrium stages in a continuous binary distillation column is used, when the

Relative volatility is close to one (e.g., separation of close boiling isomers)
Number of equilibrium stages in only stripping section is to be calculated
Number of equilibrium stages required is likely to be very small
Feed is not at its bubble point

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method?

Molar latent heat of the two components are equal
Sensible heat changes for vapour & liquid are negligibly small
Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero
Reflux is not a saturated liquid

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