Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, triangular pitch arrangement as compared to square pitch arrangement

Results in higher shell side pressure drop
Facilitates easier shell side cleaning; hence is more suitable for handling high dirt factor shell side fluid
Creates relatively lower turbulence on the shell side resulting in lower shell side heat transfer co-efficient
Can accomodate less number of tubes for a given shell diameter

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Number of evaporators which can be used in service in a multiple effect evaporation system is limited by the

Both A & B
Practical limit reached, due to low heat transfer rate because of inadequate temperature difference
Neither A nor B
Economic limit reached, when the plant cost exceeds the saving of steam

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Practical dividing line between a ductile and brittle materials is suggested, when the ultimate elongation is about 5%. Generally, larger the knuckle radius, stronger is the corner torus section of a head. The knuckle radius provided should be less than __________ of the head.

3 times the thickness
Either A or B, whichever is smaller
6% of I.D.
Either A or B, whichever is larger

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