Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve may be obtained by increasing the steam lap and the angle of advance of the eccentric but keeping constant the travel and lead of the valve, this method will

Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
All of the listed here
Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam

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Theory of Machine
The steering of a ship means

Movement of a complete ship up and down in vertical plane about transverse axis
Turning of a complete ship in a curve towards right or left, while it moves forward
Rolling of a complete ship sideways
None of these

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