Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of contraction is the ratio of

Area of jet at vena-contracta to the area of orifice
Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Froude number is significant in

Simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of discontinuity, gravity forces, and wave making effect, as with ship's hulls
Full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc.
Supersonics, as with projectile and jet propulsion
All of the listed here

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The conditions for the stable equilibrium of a floating body are

a righting couple should be formed
the meta-center should lie above the center of gravity
the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity must lie on the same vertical line
all the above are correct

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