Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge over a rectangular weir, considering the velocity of approach, is (whereH1 = H + Ha = Total height of water above the weir, H = Height of water over the crest of the weir, and Ha = Height of water due to velocity of approach)

(2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H15/2 - Ha5/2]
(2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H13/2 - Ha3/2]
(2/3) Cd × L.√2g [H12 - Ha2]
(2/3) Cd × L.√2g [H1 - Ha]

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a reaction turbine, the draft tube is used

To run the turbine full
To increase the head of water by an amount equal to the height of the runner outlet above the tail race
To transport water to downstream
To prevent air to enter the turbine

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