Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
When an internal mouthpiece is running free, the discharge through the mouthpiece is (where a = Area of mouthpiece, and H = Height of liquid above the mouthpiece)

0.5 a. √2gH
√2gH
0.707 a. √2gH
0.855 a. √2gH

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an inward flow reaction turbine

The water enters at the center of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel
The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the center of the wheel
The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial
The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel

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