Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Impulse turbine is generally fitted

Slightly below the tail race
At the level of tail race
Little above the tail race
About 2.5 m above the tail race to avoid cavitations

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of contraction is the ratio of

Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity
Area of jet at vena-contracta to the area of orifice

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