Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Cavitation will begin when

flow is increased
pressure becomes more than critical pressure
pressure is increased
the pressure at any location reaches an absolute pressure equal to the saturated vapour pressure of the liquid

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)

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