Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The depth of centre of pressure (h) for a vertically immersed surface from the liquid surface is given by (where IG = Moment of inertia of the immersed surface about horizontal axis through its centre of gravity, A = Area of immersed surface, and x = Depth of centre of gravity of the immersed surface from the liquid surface)

(IG/Ax̅) - x̅
(IG/Ax̅) + x̅
(IG/x̅) - Ax̅
(Ax̅/IG) + x̅

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an inward flow reaction turbine

The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel
The water enters at the center of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel
The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial
The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the center of the wheel

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