Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of contraction is the ratio of

Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Area of jet at vena-contracta to the area of orifice
Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The total head of a liquid particle in motion is equal to

Kinetic head - (pressure head + potential head)
Pressure head - (kinetic head + potential head)
Potential head - (pressure head + kinetic head)
Pressure head + kinetic head + potential head

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