Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A tank of uniform cross-sectional area (A) containing liquid upto height (H1) has an orifice of cross-sectional area (a) at its bottom. The time required to bring the liquid level from H1 to H2 will be

2A × √H₁/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × (√H3/2 - √H3/2)/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × √H₂/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × (√H₁ - √H₂)/Cd × a × √(2g)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The purpose of a surge tank is

To regulate flow of water to turbines by providing necessary retarding head of water
To eliminate water hammer possibilities
To control the pressure variations due to rapid changes in the pipe line flow
All of these

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