Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a forced vortex motion, the velocity of flow is

directly proportional to the square of its radial distance from the axis of rotation
inversely proportional to the square of its radial distance from the axis of rotation
inversely proportional to its radial distance from the axis of rotation
directly proportional to its radial distance from axis of rotation

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a large rectangular orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of the liquid above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of the liquid above the bottom of the orifice, b = Breadth of the orifice, and Cd = Coefficient of discharge)

Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H21/2 - H11/2)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H2 - H1)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H22 - H12)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H23/2 - H13/2)

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