Internal Combustion Engines
The output of a diesel engine can be increased without increasing the engine revolution or size in following way

Scavenging
Feeding more fuel
Supercharging
Heating incoming air

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Internal Combustion Engines
For the same compression ratio

Both Otto and Diesel cycles are, equally efficient
Diesel cycle is more efficient than Otto
Otto cycle is more efficient than the Diesel
Compression ratio has nothing to do with efficiency

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Internal Combustion Engines
If V₁ is the jet velocity and V₀ is the vehicle velocity, then the propulsive efficiency of a rocket is given by

(V₀/V₁)/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
V₀/(V₀ + V₁)
V₁/(V₀ + V₁)
[2(V₀/V₁)]/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]

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