Internal Combustion Engines
The output of a diesel engine can be increased without increasing the engine revolution or size in following way

Heating incoming air
Supercharging
Feeding more fuel
Scavenging

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engine the inlet valve

Opens at 10° after top dead center and closes 20° before the bottom dead center
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 35° after the bottom dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the compression

Starts at 40° before bottom dead centre and ends at 30° after bottom dead centre
Starts at 40° after bottom dead centre and ends at 30° before top dead centre
Starts at bottom dead centre and ends at top dead centre
May start and end anywhere

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