Internal Combustion Engines
The injector nozzle of a compression ignition engine is required to inject fuel at a sufficiently high pressure in order to

Inject fuel in a chamber of high pressure at the end of compression stroke
Inject fuel at a high velocity to facilitate atomization
Ensure that penetration is not high
All of these

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the inlet valve

Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere
Opens at 20° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 40° after bottom dead center

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