Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engine the inlet valve

Opens at 10° after top dead center and closes 20° before the bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 35° after the bottom dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
Compression ratio of I.C. Engines is

Swept volume/cylinder volume
Volume displaced by piston per stroke and clearance volume in cylinder
The ratio of volumes of air in cylinder before compression stroke and after compression stroke
Ratio of pressure after compression and before compression

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