Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engines

Exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
Exhaust valve opens just after bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at 35° before bottom dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
May open and close anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
Detonation is harmful due to

Excessive turbulence which removes most of the insulating gas boundary layer from the cylinder walls
High intensity of knock causes crankshaft vibration and the engine runs rough
None of these
Increase in the rate of heat transfer, there is a reduction in the power output and efficiency of the engine

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