Internal Combustion Engines
The injector nozzle of a compression ignition engine is required to inject fuel at a sufficiently high pressure in order to

Inject fuel in a chamber of high pressure at the end of compression stroke
Ensure that penetration is not high
All of these
Inject fuel at a high velocity to facilitate atomization

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Internal Combustion Engines
As compared to air standard cycle, in actual working, the effect of variation in specific heats is to

Increase maximum pressure and maximum temperature
Decrease maximum pressure and increase maximum temperature
Reduce maximum pressure and maximum temperature
Increase maximum pressure and decrease maximum temperature

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