Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the exhaust valve

May open and close anywhere
Opens at 30° after bottom dead centre and closes at 10° before top dead centre
Opens at 30° before bottom dead centre and closes at 10° after top dead centre
Opens at bottom dead centre and closes at top dead centre

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Internal Combustion Engines
The injector nozzle of a compression ignition engine is required to inject fuel at a sufficiently high pressure in order to

Ensure that penetration is not high
All of these
Inject fuel in a chamber of high pressure at the end of compression stroke
Inject fuel at a high velocity to facilitate atomization

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