Internal Combustion Engines
The fuel valve in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

May open and close anywhere
Opens at 15° before top dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
Opens at 15° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The delay period in compression ignition engines depends upon

Relative velocity between the fuel injection and air turbulence pressure of residual gases
Temperature and pressure in the cylinder at the time of injection
Nature of the fuel mixture strength
All of these

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